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Admission in All India Engineering Entrance Examination - AIEEE : All India Engineering Entrance Examination - AIEEE 2007 : Eligibility for All India Engineering Entrance Examination - AIEEE : Important Dates of All India Engineering Entrance Examination - AIEEE : Results of All India Engineering Entrance Examination - AIEEE : Application forms of All India Engineering Entrance Examination - AIEEE : Coaching for All India Engineering Entrance Examination - AIEEE : Centres of All India Engineering Entrance Examination - AIEEE : Fee Structure of All India Engineering Entrance Examination - AIEEE : Selection Procedure of All India Engineering Entrance Examination - AIEEE

Date for All India Engineering / Architecture Entrance Examination 2007 (AIEEE 2007) is 29-04-2007
Last Date of request for supply of AIEEE 2007 Application Form by post: 25-12-2007
Last Date for receipt of completed AIEEE 2007 Applications in CBSE: 10-01-2007

Candidates opting for degree courses in Engineering / Architecture would be required to undertake test in the following papers:

Courses - Paper:
B.E./B.Tech -Paper - 1
B.Arch/ B.Planning - Paper - 2

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Event Management

Introduction

Event management is a glamorous and exciting profession which demands a lot of hard work and dynamism. As the name suggests, it means conceptualizing, planning, organizing and finally executing an event. The event could be of any type - musical show, concert, exhibition, product launching etc. This industry is just five years old in India, but holds a lot of promise for expansion. It offers enormous scope for ambitious young people.

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Chartered Financial Analysts

Introduction

The economic liberalisation has brought drastic changes in the corporate environment. Specialization has become, the need of the hour. Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) though is a relatively new field, it has assumed significant importance in the changing business scenario. Their work primarily focuses on the financial analysis. To meet the changing requirements of the financial sector, CFA programme has been designed and conducted by various Institutes. The programme is more of a practitioner’s course. It imparts trainning in the fields of corporate finance, investment management and financial services. The programme is better suited for executives who want to enhance their skills in the field of finance.

Nature of Work

The CFA programme imparts enough knowledge and expertise in the finance fields and those having undergone this programme have an edge over others. The areas of work for CFAs are as follows.

1. CORPORATE FINANCE: Necessary technical skills and knowledge imparted in the CFA programme in fields of corporate finance, like Indian Financial System, Financial Accounting, Management Accounting, Financial Management, Advanceed Financial Management, and International Management adds to the advantage of CFAs in disposing of their duties and responsibilities.
2. INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT: Investment management is an analytical subject. To manage investments, requires thorough knowledge of the subject. The CFA programme takes care of all these needs and covers important aspects of the subject including, Economics, Quantitative Techniques, Economic Legislations for the Securities Industry and Security Evaluation Techniques.
3. FINANCIAL SERVICES: The CFA programme being a specialization programme in finance helps CFAs to foray into financial services like Leasing, Hire Purchasing, Project Planning, Issue Management, Credit Rating, Venture Capital etc.

Personality

Unlike other finance and accounts related professions like Chartered Accountancy, Cost Accountancy, MBAs and Company Secretaryship, the very basic requirement for a CFA is to have good numerical ability. CFAs should have a logical approach so that the facts and figures are interpreted accurately. The work involves critical analysis of data, therefore a methodical approach helps in efficient handling of matters. Awarenesss about the economic conditions and up to date knowledge of the financial policies and legislations are also important for them.

Professional Courses

The CFA programme is conducted by Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI). The course targets two broad groups, namely Executives and Graduates. Candidates seeking admission to the CFA programme have to appear for an admission test. The test is based on verbal and quantitative reasoning which seeks to test the aptitude of the candidates for professional studies in Financial Analysis.

The course is divided into 4 modules namely Foundation, Preliminary, Inter and Final. Graduates and students in the final year of their Bachelor’s degree in any discipline are eligible for admission to the programme. However, Commissioned defence personnel having 5 years of experience can pursue the CFA programme even if they do not have an undergraduate degree. Certain categories like CAs, ICWAs, MBAs and Postgraduates are exempted from the foundation module of the course. The following segment highlights the different modules and thier subjects.

1. FOUNDATION COURSE: This is a beginner’s course and except for the exempted categories, everybody else has to enroll to this module to start with the CFA programme. The examination for the module can be taken in the following subjects, after 3 months of enrollment.
   • Elements of Financial and Management Accounting
   • Basics of Corporate Finance
   • Essentials of Investment and Tax Planning
   • Statistics of Financial Applications
2. PRELIMINARY LEVEL: After qualifying the Foundation examination, the next step is to qualify the Preliminary level. The preliminary level is divided into two Groups namely Group A and B. Group A examination can be taken up after 6 months of enrollment and Group B examination can be taken after 12 months of enrollment. The subjects for both the groups are as follows.

GROUP A

2. • Financial Accounting
   • Financial Management

GROUP B

2. • Quantitative Methods Economics
3. INTER LEVEL: On clearing the Preliminary level, students can take up the Inter examination. The Inter level has two Groups namely Group C and D. Examination for Group C can be taken 6 months after passing the Preliminary examination and Group D examination can be taken after 12 months of passing the Preliminary examination. The subjects for the Groups are as follows.

GROUP C

3. • Economic Legislation
   • Management Accounting

GROUP D

3. • Security Evaluation
   • Project Appraisal Planning and Control
4. FINAL LEVEL: The last module is the Final level. This is also divided into two Groups namely Group E and F. Examination for Group E can be taken 6 months after passing the Inter examination and examination for Group F can be 12 months taken after passing Inter examination. The subjects of the groups are as follows.

GROUP E

4. • Advanced Financial Management
   • Financial Services

GROUP F

4. • Investment Management
   • Indian Financial System
   • International Financial Management

Institutions

The Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI) situated at Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, Andhara Pradesh, INDIA, conducts the CFA programme which is a 3 years and 3 months Postgraduate programme. The course can be done as a distance education course. Contact courses are organised throughout the country to facilitate distance education.

CFA programme can be done as a regular campus course for 2 years. Many business schools also offer this course. These are advertised from time to time in the newspapers and the entrance tests are conducted throughout the country. Some of Institutes where CFA programme can be pursued are as follows.

• Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani.
• Narsee Monjee Institute of Management, Mumbai.
• International Management Institute, New Delhi.
• SP Jain Institute of Management and Research, Mumbai.
• Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneshwar, etc.

Career Prospects

The openings available to CFA degree holders are in Banking, Insurance, Corporate Sectors and Finance, Leasing Companies. Even organisations like Railways, Reserve Bank of India and Financial Institutions like ICICI, IDBI, IFCI and UTI have given due recognition to the CFA programme. Most ICFAI graduates receive offers for challengimg professional positions with attractive emoluments. The career prospects are as bright as of any other in the field of finance. Fresh graduates with a degree from ICFAI generally start as executive trainees in the financial sector. After gaining experience, they can even go on to, head their departments.

Chartered Accountancy

Introduction

Chartered Accountancy as a profession is attracting a lot of young and witnessing a rapid growth, thanks to the growing corporate sector. Chartered Accountants usually occupy high and respectable posts in a given organisation. They are the ones responsible for handling accounts and finance related matters, deal with money management, prepare, analyse and audit accounts alongwith providing financial advice.

Only members of the Institute of Chartered Accountants can call themselves Chartered Accountants, upon attaining the certificate from the Institute. Legally only qualified Chartered Accountants are authorized to audit and certify a company’s books of accounts. They ensure that the financial transactions of an organisation are maintained as per the guidelines laid down by the law. The accounting department prepares, analyses financial reports and documents of an organisation. Also they keep track of cost of management of the company and manage tax matters. Later these figures and statements are examined, verified and then certified by auditors.

Nature of Work

Chartered Accountants are generally found to be working either as employees in a firm or they indulge in their private practice. The range of work in both the cases depends on the size of practice. Some of the areas suited to the services of Chartered Accounts are as follows

1. FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING: Maintaing financial records of an organisation is of utmost importance. Financial accounting is a branch of accounting which deals maintaining the financial records. It involves operating accounts, interpreting, supervising, controlling and organising income and expenditure, doing internal audits, dealing with wages and salaries, paying accounts and sending out invoices, and coping with taxes etc.
2. AUDITING: One of the important tasks performed by Chartered Accounts is auditing. It is the methodical examination and review of the accounts. Chartered Accounts examine and verify the books of accounts and other necessary documents of their employers or clients. On satisfaction, they issue a certificate about the company’s financial state. Auditing can be further classified into sub-categories.
   • Statutory audit
   • Internal audit
   • Compulsory tax audit
   • Certification and audit
3. COST ACCOUNTING: Cost accounting deals with working out the cost of a particular operation or job, taking into account relevant overheads. It is quite a complex task usually undertaken for monitoring expenditure, preventing it from over-shooting, minimizing costs, forecasting future needs and providing reports for management accounting etc. It also helps in drawing comparisions, analysing costs and explaining financial information.
4. TAX MANAGEMENT: Sometimes Chartered Accountants specialize in tax management. Their job is to legally ensure minimum incidence of tax. In doing so they have to cope with taxation laws and policies on national as well as international scale depending on the kind of company they work for. Tax management relates not only to direct taxes e.g. income tax but to indirect taxes like sales tax, excise tax, agricultural income tax etc.
5. CONSULTANCY: The changing scenario in the business world has opened promising and challenging career opportunities for the aspiring young. Consulting services is one such opportunity which has drawn a lot of attention these days. Chartered Accounts often indulge in providing these services in the fields related to finance and accounts. They can effeciently provide services in areas like corporate law advice, project planning and finance, investigations relating to share valuation for takeovers, amalgamation, business advice, secretarial work etc.

Personality

Accountants must have good numerical ability and analytical mind to interpret facts and figures correctly. They should have logical and methodical approach. Concentration and attention to detail are critical. As their work often relates to discussing financial matters with number of people, sometimes with people who don’t have background in finance, they should be able to express themselves clearly. This makes it imperative to have good understanding of the subject with equally good verbal and written skills. Sometimes the work can be extremely strenuous and exhausting especially during financial year closing, so stamina both physical and mental with patience to handle such situation are of added advantage. For accountants practicing privately, it is important to have necessary business skills and shrewdness to generate clientele.

Professional Course

Chartered Accountancy can be pursued after 10+2 or graduation. The whole course can be divided into three stages i.e. Foundation. Intermediate and Final. The following section gives information about them.

1. FOUNDATION: The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India offers CA foundation course to students passing 10+2 in any subject. The duration of the course is one year. On registration with the institute, students are provided with the study material by the Board of Studies. Students have to complete their study and clear the test papers under the postal tuition scheme. They also have an option to attend contact classes organised by accredited institutions. Students opting for these classes are exempted from taking the test papers under the postal tuition scheme.

After 12 months of registration and satisfactory compliance with the requirement of the Board of Studies, the Foundation examination can be taken up. The examination is conducted twice every year i.e. in the months of May and November. The course has four papers in the following subjects.

1. • Fundamentals of Accounting
   • Mathematics and Statistics
   • Economics
   • Mercantile Law

After clearing the papers of the foundation course, candidates can register for articleship (apprenticeship) under the practicing CAs or CA firms. Articleship has to be done for a period of over 3 years. The training begins under close supervision and later on, articles can manage bigger assignments. The purpose of articleship is to impart practical training and exposure of the profession. During the articleship, after 12 months, the articles can take up intermediate examination. Articleship also includes a year of industrial training which can be done in the last year after clearing Intermediate examination. After completing articleship, seeking membership of the Institute is essential for practicing as a Chartered Accountant. After 5 years of membership fellowship of the Institute can be taken.

Many students prefer to pursue Chartered Accountancy professional training and course after graduating. These students have to take entrance test in 4 subjects (Elements of Accounting, English, Mathematics and General commercial knowledge and Economics). Graduates who have secured 50% marks in subjects (Accounting, Auditing and Commercial or Mercantile Law) are exempted from taking the entrance test. Other graduates with 55% marks are also exempted from the entrance test. Rest all is same as those who have taken the Foundation Course.

2. INTERMEDIATE EXAMINATION: Registered students who have completed 9 months of training as articled or audit clerks and have completed the oral/postal tuition scheme imparted by the Board of Studies, are eligible to take the Intermediate Examination. The Examination has the following subjects.

GROUP I: Accounting, Law, and Auditing

GROUP II: Cost accounting, Income-Tax & Central Sales Tax, and Oganisation&Management and Fundamentals Of Electronic Data Processing

3. FINAL EXAMINATION: Students who successfully clear both the groups of Intermediate Examination of the Institute and complete the prescribed period of practical training (3years) or have yet to serve a period not more than 9 months of such services can take the Final Examination. The Examination has the following groups.

GROUP I: This group consist of the following subjects;
Advance Accounting, Management Accounting, Auditing and Company Law

GROUP II: This group consist of the following subjects;

3. • Direct Tax Laws,
   • Corporate Management, Secretarial Practice, Managerial Economics and National Accounting
   • Operational Research and Statistical Analysis, System Analysis and Data Processing, Costs Systems and Cost Control
   • Management Information and Control Systems, Tax Planning and Tax Management, Management and Operational Audit.

Institution

Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India was formed for the purpose of regulating the profession of Chartered Accountants in India. The headquaters of the Institute is at New Delhi and 5 regional offices at Mumbai, Chennai, Calcutta, Kanpur and New Delhi. Apart from these their are 87 branches located in different parts of the country. The Institute also has 9 Chapters outside the country. The functions of the Institute are enrolment of eligible members, engagement and training of articled/audit clerks, conducting examinations, granting or refusal of Certificate of Practice etc.

Career Prospects

The profession of Chartered Accountancy is one of the most respectable profession amongst the various others present in the commerce field, particularly finance. A career in finance promises a challenging and extremely rewarding professional life. On attaining qualification of a Chartered Accountants, ample of opportunities open up. Whether they work in a firm or they carry on with their own private practice, there is so much to do. Some of the opportunities available for Chartered Accountants are in capital markets, business houses and industry, consultancy firms etc. They are also engaged in activities like preparing project reports, markets research, management accounting, cost analysis, budget planning, working capital management, inventory control, policy planning, securities consultancy, registrar of issues of securities, auditing etc. With the country liberalizing its policies and approach, opportunities are expected to grow further.

Name: Apurva

Age: 27 years

From: Mumbai

Gharana: Vishal Shekhar’s Hit It

Education: P. S. Gawde Institute of Management Studies (MBA in Marketing)

Memories: “I have won close to 100 awards singing during my college”

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Biochemistry

Introduction

Biochemistry is a branch which is concerned with the chemistry of the biological processes. The study of biochemistry deals with the chemical combinations and reactions which take place in biological processes such as growth, metabolism, reproduction, heredity etc., as well as the effect of the environment on living organisms. Studying structures and functions of enzymes, protiens, carbohydrates, fats, process of metabolism and the molecular basis of the action of genes also form a part of biochemistry. Advances made in biochemistry has made significant contributions towards elucidation and understanding of the DNA structure.

Nature of Work

Biochemists generally pursue research related work in the following fields.

1. MEDICINE: Biochemists, in this field carry out diagnostic tests and investigations for finding out causes of diseases. Their major concern is to study the role of genetic transmission of diseases from one generation to another. They also try to figure out the chemical changes that take place in the cells of the body parts which signal the onset of various diseases such as tuberculosis, cancer, diabetes, mental disorders like epilepsy etc. Research related to identification and analysis of chemical processes like muscular contraction, reproduction, metabolism etc also relates to their job.
2. AGRICULTURE: Biochemists develop and inovate new improved techniques for crop cultivation, pest control management and crop storage management. Contributions made in this field by biochemists has helped to better the output and quality of agricultural produce.
3. NUTRITION: In this field biochemists have researched and studied the effects of certain food stuffs, minerals, protiens, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins, when consumed in excess or in deficient quantities, on the human body. The mechanism of fermentation process which has been practised for past many years was discovered by biochemists only.

Personality

Biochemistry is a field of intense research, hence to be a good biochemist requires, inquisitive attitude, determination, perseverance and keen observation sense along with intelligence and hard work. Research is often a team work and therefore the individual should have team spirit, to work as a part of the unit. The work sometimes consume a lot of time so patience, stamina to work for long hours and tenacity become other important requisites.

Professional Courses

Biochemistry can be pursued by those having background in science at 10+2 level. Individuals interested in pursuing this subject can intially study the subject in the B.Sc. course and further continue with it till M.Sc. and Ph.D. level.

Career Prospects

The career prospects and employment opportunities of biochemists have shown considerable improvement over the past years. Jobs are being offered by both government and private medical institutions and hospitals engaged in research activities related to various diseases and disorders like AIDS, cancer, mental disorders etc. The pharmaceutical industry where genetically engineered drugs are developed and manufactured also look forward to employing biochemists. Research related agricultural industries and institutions also absorb individuals with background in biochemistry.

Biotechnology

Introduction

Biotechnology is an interdisciplinary science including not only biology, but also subjects like mathematics, physics, chemistry and engineering. It is a blend of various technologies applied together to living cells for production of a particular product or for improving upon it. Its use and application ranges from fields like agriculture to industry (food, pharmaceutical, chemical,  bioproducts, textiles etc.), medicine, nutrition, environmental conservation, animal sciences etc. making it one of the fastest growing fields. The work is generally carried out in the laboratories, as it is a scientific research oriented field.

Nature of Work

The nature of work of biotechnologists, being interdisciplinary, requires working together of people from different fields such as biology, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, engineering, food science, agriculture etc. Some of the fields where biotechnology studies are applicable are as follows.

1. MEDICINE AND HEALTH CARE: Biotechnology’s application in this area has helped in the development of various medicines, vaccines and diagnostics. The remarkable development work carried out by biotechnologists in this field has led to improvement in the  methods of diagnosis,  medicines and vaccinations for diseases which once thought were incurable are no more a cause of worry, which has been a blessing for humankind.
2. INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT: Both the government and the private sector employ biotechnologists. They conduct research and development work, for increasing productivity, improving energy production and conservation, minimizing pollution and industrial waste etc. Biotechnologists also find opportunities at places involving activities like chemical processes, genetic engineering, textile development, cosmetic development etc..
3. AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY: Indian economy is very much dependent on agriculture and  biotechnologists have made major advancements in this area. Over the years, the agricultural output has been improving, owing to the improvements in the quality of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers. The latest technologies like micro propagation and tissue culture has further helped agriculturists to overcome problems like soil imbalances, genetic breeding and crop diseases. Biotechnologists are also encouraging a shift from chemically prepared fertilizers and insecticides to biochemicals and bioinsecticides.

Biotechnology’s intervention in the area of animal husbandry has improved animal breeding. Numerous kinds of  genetically engineered, high yielding animal breeds have come up which has increased the output of dairy products as well as the meat products. India has in fact, become the largest milk producer in the world

4. ENVIRONMENT: Environmental biotechnology has become another area of extensive work due to the dangers brought about by increasing levels of environmental pollution. A lot of hard work is being done to protect our environment. In this field, the job of a biotechnologist spans from checking industrial air pollution levels, treatment of industrial waste to recycling of sewage sludge..

Personality

As the work is largely related to scientific research. It becomes quite important to have a good academic background in science. Hard work and high level of intelligence with a scientific bent of mind, determination, perseverance, imagination, innovative attitude, ability to work for long hours, originality, team spirit are some important essentials for becoming a successful biotechnologist.

Professional Courses

Candidates having background in science at the intermediate level can take up B.Tech. programme in Biotechnology. P.G. courses available are M.Sc. Biotechnology, M.Sc. (Agriculture) Biotechnology, M.V.Sc. (Animal) Biotechnology, M.Tech. Biotechnology, M.Sc./M.V.Sc. in Veterinary Biotechnology, M.Sc. (Marine) Biotechnology, Medical Biotechnology, M.Tech. in Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology. Depending upon the aptitude and necessity, more advanced courses such PH.D. and Post-DoctoralResearch in Biotechnology can also be pursued.

Specialization

Being an interdisciplinary subject with diverse areas of study, biotechnological procedures apply themselves to a wide range of fields allowing students from different backgrounds and interests to specialize in fields of their choice. Some of the fields of specialization are Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Botany, Zoology, Pharmacology, Physiology, Horticulture, TissueCulture, AgriculturalEngineering, Animal Sciences, Dairy Technology, Fisheries, Medicine,Life Sciences,  and Genetics

Career Prospects

In recent times, biotechnology as a subject has grown rapidly. And as far as employment is concerned, it has become the second fastest growing sector after multi-media. Candidates with postgraduate degree in biotechnology get absorbed in corporate and government sector, both. Qualified  biotechnologists are employed in leading indian business houses and MNCs including pharmaceutical companies, chemical industries, bio-processing industries, agriculture related industries and pollution control activities of the major industries etc. They can even join government and corporate run research and development organizations. On the whole making it a good career opportunity for the bright young people.

Remuneration Remuneration very much depends upon academic qualification, institute or university  from which the degree is attained and the level of work experience. In the corporate sector, fresh IIT pass outs may get anything in the range of Rs. 70,000 p.a. to Rs. 85,000 p.a. and fresh B.Sc./B. Tech. graduates from other universities may get anything in the range of Rs. 50,000 p.a. to Rs. 70,000 p.a. Those workimg in the research institutes can expect something around Rs. 60,000 p.a.